1907 Oct 15th b. New York. American Journalist
1927 Friend of Alfred Barr at Harvard. founded Hound & Horn, an influential literary quarterly, with Lincoln Kirstein -> while an undergraduate at Harvard. 1935 Fry visited Berlin as a foreign correspondent for the American journal Living Age witnessing Nazi savagery against Jews on more than one occasion. Greatly disturbed by what he saw, he helped raise money to support European anti-Nazi movements. 1937 m. Eileen Avery Hughes. 1940 Aug.14th. Arrived Marseille as an agent of the newly formed Emergency Rescue Committee and aided by Alfred Barr and his wife, and s support from [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt|Eleanor Roosevelt ~>. in an effort to help persons wishing to flee the Nazis. Lives and works at Hotel Splendide Fry had $3,000 and a short list of refugees under imminent threat of arrest and internment. Clamoring at his door came anti-Nazi writers, avant-garde artists, musicians and hundreds of others desperately seeking any chance to escape from France. Sept; opened office for the Centre Americane de Secors (CAS) at 60 Rue Grignon. Oct 20th Employed Danny Benedite as his chef de cabinet. Theo Benedite became one of Fry's assistant. Danny introduces him to Jean Gemahling. Oct; with funds provided by Mary Jane Gold he approves the rental of Villa Air-Bel for his staff and Victor Serge and Andre Breton and their families. Shotly after he moves in as well. More than 2,200 people were taken across the border to Spain and thence to the safety of neutral Portugal from which they made their way to the United States. Others he helped escape on ships leaving Marseille for the French colony of Martinique. Also working with Fry was a young academic named Albert O. Hirschman ->. He Received 500,000 francs from Peggy Guggenheim. Especially instrumental in getting Fry the visas he needed for the artists, intellectuals and political dissidents on his list was Hiram Bingham IV ->, an American Vice Consul in Marseille who fought against State Department anti-Semitism and was personally responsible for issuing thousands of visas, both legal and illegal. Dec; New York ofice tries to replace him. 1941 Jan; moves offices to 18 Blvd. Garibaldi Feb; American Consulate refused to renew his passport unless he returned immediately to America March; with Hiram Bingham visits Marc Chagall and his wife Bella in Gordes to try and persuade them to leave France. March 25th. Wifredo Lam, Helena Holtzer? leave on a ship to Martinique. Aug. 29th Arrested and Expelled. Sept 14th. Left France for Lisbon. 1942 Dec. issue of The New Republic, he wrote a scathing article titled: The Massacre of Jews in Europe. 1945 Back home in the United States, Fry published his book about his time in France under the title, Surrender on Demand. He wrote and spoke critically against U.S. immigration policies particularly relating to the issue of the fate of Jews in Europe. 1950 m. Annette Riley. 1964 Charged with publication of commemorative album of lithographs for 1941 rescues. Visits Europe to secure collaboration of Picasso, Chagall, Ernst, Jacques Lipchitz?, Miro. 1967 Awarded The Croix de Chevalier of the French Legion of Honor. d. Sept. 13th. Connecticut. Posthumous 1990? Honorary citizen of Israel. See wiki -> and web -> and Memory of a Hero ~>. Among those Fry aided were the following: Hannah Arendt -> Jean Arp Hannah Arendt Hans Aufricht Hans Bellmer Georg Bernhard Victor Brauner Andre Breton Camille Bryen De Castro Marc Chagall Frederic Delanglade Oscar Dominguez Marcel Duchamp Heinrich Ehrmann Max Ernst Edvard Fendler Lion Feuchtwanger Leonard Frank Giuseppe Garetto Oscar Goldberg Emil S. Gumbel Hans Habe Jacques-Salomon Hadamard Konrad Heiden Jacques Herold Wilhelm Herzog Erich Itor-Kahn Berthold Jacob Heinz Jolles Siegfried Kracauer Arthur Koestler Wifredo Lam Jacqueline Lamba Wanda Landowska Lotte Leonard Jacques Lipchitz? Alma Mahler Jean Malaquais Golo Mann Heinrich Mann Valeriu Marcu Andre Masson Roberto Matta Walter Mehring -> Alfredo Mendizabel Otto Meyerhof -> Boris Mirkine-Guetzevitch Hans Namuth Hans Natonek Ernst-Erich Noth Max Ophuls Hertha Pauli Benjamin Peret Alfred Polgar Poliakoff-Litovzeff Peter Pringsheim Denise Restout Hans Sahl Jacques Schiffrin Anna Seghers Victor Serge Ferdinand Springer Bruno Strauss Sophie Taeuber Franz Werfel Gropius Werfel Kurt Wolff Helen Wolff Wols Ylla See Timeline